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Bitter Bush (Chromolaena odorata (L)) - The Invasive Wild Flower


Chromolaena odorata located in Sumedang, Indonesia

Classification
Kingdom               : Plantae - Plants
Subkingdom          : Tracheobionta -Vascular plants
Superdivision        : Spermatophyta - Seed plants
Division                 : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Subdivision           : Angiospermae -Seed encloses plants
Class                      : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Order                     : Asteralles
Family                   : Asteraceae 
Genus                    : Chromolaena
Species                  : Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob

Synonym(s)
Eupatorium orodatum, Eupatorium conyzoides, Osmia orodata 

Popular Names
  • Local Name(s): Kirinyuh (Mostly Sundanese, exc. Buahdua: Kancar Kanon ) 
  • Common Name(s): Bitter Bush, Archangel, Siam Weed (English), Ki Rinyuh (Indonesian)
Plant Type
Herbaceous, perennial, seed propagated, shrub, woody (CABI, 2017).

 Habitat
Terrestrial

Distribution
Chromolaena odorata is noted as a native tropical Central and South America. It's very widely distributed tropical shrub (CABI, 2017). It has been introducing to the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Pacific, where invasive weed. It is aggressive and may have allelopathic effects (Global Invasive Species Database, 2018).
(ISSG, 2004 in Joshi 2004)

Utilization
Liquid fertilizer (Miftah, 2014), control pest and plant diseases such as molluscicide (Nurhasbah et al., 2017), herbicide (Frastika et, al.. 2017), and nematicide by inhibition egg to hatch and mortality of juvenile II on Meloidogyne spp. (Huzni et al., 2015). This species also useful for traditional medicine, it has antivirus and antibacterial activities. It against Staphylococcus aureus, the presence of flavonoid able to damage the membrane and cell wall of the bacteria (Nurwahdaniati, 2014).

Pharmacology
Saponin, tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, phenolic (Frastika et, al., 2017), 

Toxicity
50.000 ppm Chromolaena odorata killed 100% Golden Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) (Nurhasbah et al., 2017).

References
  • Bumi Herbal
  • CABI (Invasive Species Compendium). 2017. Chromolaena odorata (Siam Weed)
  • Frastika, D., Pitopang, R., and I. N. Suwastika. 2017. The effectiveness test of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata (L) R. M. King & H Rob) leaf extract as natural herbicides to seed germination of mung beans (Vigna radita (L.) R. Wilczek) and karuilei (Mimosa invisa Mart. ex Colla) Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology. Vol 6(3) : 225 - 238. 
  • Global Invasive Species Database (2018) Species profile: Chromolaena odorata. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Chromolaena+odorata on 31-07-2018.
  • Joshi, C., Duren, I. C. V., and J. D. Leeuw. 2004. Remote sensing and GIS applications for mapping and spatial modeling of invasive species. International Journal of Geo-Information. 
  • Huzni, M., Raharjo, B., and Hagus Tarno. 2015. Uji laboratorium ekstrak Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata (L) R. M. King & H Robinson) sebagai nematisida nabati terhadap Meloidogyne spp. (Chitwood). Jurnal HPT. Vol 3 (1).
  • Miftah Sihabudin, Miftah (2014) Pengaruh Kompos Cair Gulma Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) dan Jenis Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan HasilTanaman Cabai Paprika (Capsicum annum var. grossum) Pada Sistem Hidroponik Substrat. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
  • Nurhasabah, Safrida, and Asiah. 2017. Toxicity test of Kirinyuh (Eupatorium odorata (L))  leaf extract against mortality of golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Unsyiah. Vol 2 (1).
  • Nurwahdaniati. 2014. Aktivitas Antimikro Ekstrak Ethanol 70% Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata dengan Metode Bioautografi terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Malang : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. 


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